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Ảnh: Autohome.

Ảnh: Autohome.

Ảnh: Autohome.

Ảnh: Ferrari.

Ảnh: Autohome.

Ảnh: Nzeen.

Ảnh: T.N.

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Ảnh: Autohome.

Waist-hip ratio
Main article: waist-hip ratio

Notwithstanding wide cultural differences in preferences for female build, scientists have discovered that the waist-hip ratio (WHR) of any build is very strongly correlated to attractiveness across cultures.[51] Women with a 0.7 WHR (waist circumference that is 70% of the hip circumference) are usually rated as more attractive by men from European cultures. Such diverse beauty icons as Jessica Alba,[55][56] Marilyn Monroe, Salma Hayek, Sophia Loren, and the Venus de Milo all have ratios around 0.7.[57] In other cultures, preferences vary,[58] ranging from 0.6 in China,[59] to 0.8 or 0.9 in parts of South America and Africa,[60][61][62] and divergent preferences based on ethnicity, rather than nationality, have also been noted.[63][64] The hourglass shape characterized by a waist-to-hip ratio of 0.7 has been described as attractive.[65]
[edit] Height

Most men exhibit a preference for females of shorter physical stature than themselves.[66][67] Women .7 to 1.7 standard deviations below the mean in height have been reported to be the most reproductively successful. One explanation for this observation is that since most men demonstrate a preference for women shorter than themselves, being shorter allows a woman access to a larger potential dating pool.[66] However, in some non-Western cultures, height is irrelevant in choosing a mate; this indicates that the Western tendency for men to prefer women shorter than themselves is sociocultural in nature.[22]
[edit] Prototypicality as beauty
See also: Koinophilia
See also: Averageness

Besides biology and culture, there are other factors determining physical attractiveness. The more common features a face bears, the more highly it is usually judged to be attractive. This may be a result of the familiarity of common facial features, an example of the mere exposure effect. When many faces are combined into a composite image (through computer morphing), people usually view the resulting image as more familiar, attractive, and beautiful than the faces that were combined to make the composite.[68]

One interpretation is that this shows an inherent human preference for prototypicality. That is, the resultant face emerges with the salient features shared by most faces, and hence becomes the prototype. The prototypical face and features is therefore perceived as symmetrical and familiar. This may reveal an "underlying preference for the familiar and safe over the unfamiliar and potentially dangerous."[34] However, critics of this interpretation point out that compositing computer images also has the effect of removing skin blemishes such as scars, and generally softens sharp facial features.

Classical conceptions of beauty are essentially a celebration of this "prototypicality." This may show the importance of prototypicality in the judgment of beauty, and also explain the emergence of similarity of the perception of attractiveness within a community or society, which shares a gene pool.